The State structure of the Republic of Belarus

The foundations of the state structure of Belarus are enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus of 1994, with amendments and additions adopted at national referendums on November 24, 1996, October 17, 2004 and February 27, 2022.

The Republic of Belarus is a unitary democratic social State governed by the rule of law.

The Republic of Belarus has supremacy and full power on its territory, independently implements domestic and foreign policy.

A person, his rights, freedoms and guarantees of their realization are the highest value and goal of society and the state.

The democratic foundations of the Belarusian statehood guarantee a diversity of political institutions, ideologies and views.

The principle of the rule of law is established in the Republic of Belarus. The State, all its bodies and officials act within the limits of the Constitution and the legislative acts adopted in accordance with it.

Belarus is a presidential republic.

The Head of State is the President of the Republic of Belarus.

Government cooperation

The main principle of the implementation of state power in the Republic of Belarus is the principle of separation into legislative, executive and judicial authorities. The essence of this principle is that power should not be concentrated in the hands of any one state body, but should be divided between the bodies of the three branches of government. These bodies are independent within the limits of their powers: they interact with each other, restrain and balance each other.

Legislative power

The Executive Branch

Judicial power

The key role in the state mechanism is assigned to the Head of State. Without being a member of any of the branches of government, the President of the Republic of Belarus is endowed with the necessary constitutional powers that allow him to ensure the interaction of state authorities with each other and the precise exercise of their functions. This model gives stability and stability to the state mechanism, prevents the emergence of confrontation between the branches of government.

When interacting with the legislature, the President has the right to initiate legislation and is authorized to sign or reject laws. On the basis of and in accordance with the Constitution, the President has the right to issue legislative acts – decrees. Presidential decrees are mandatory throughout the territory of Belarus and should not contradict the laws. The President has an influence on the formation and operation of the executive branch. With the prior consent of the House of Representatives, he appoints the Prime Minister to the post.

The President determines the structure of the Government of the Republic of Belarus, appoints and dismisses deputy Prime Ministers, ministers and other members of the Government, decides on the resignation of the Government or its members, has the right to preside over meetings of the Government of the Republic of Belarus and repeal Government acts. Decisions made by the President are binding on the Government.

Giving the Head of State the appropriate powers at the same time means assigning him a duty that cannot be assigned to any other body to act as a guarantor of the Constitution, human and civil rights and freedoms.